In this paper the performance against corrosion of a thin film of NiCu deposited by Physical Vapor Deposition at two different times of deposition, was evaluated. Electrochemical Impedance results in NaCl solution, showed a gradual increase in resistivity due to the degradation of the film (delamination) for both times, along with the deposition of corrosion products on the coating generated by recombination of substrate oxides.

En el presente trabajo se evaluó el desempeño ante la corrosión de una película delgada de NiCu depositada por la técnica de Deposición de vapor física a dos diferentes tiempos de deposición. Los resultados de Espectroscopía de Impedancia Electroquímica en disolución de NaCl mostraron un aumento gradual de la resistividad como consecuencia de la degradación de la película (delaminación) para los dos tiempos, junto con la deposición de productos de corrosión generados sobre el recubrimiento por la recombinación de los óxidos del sustrato.

La Sociedad por Acciones Simplificada (SAS) representa la evolución más significativa del sistema societario colombiano en las últimas 4 décadas. Desde su aparición representa cerca del 90% del total de sociedades matriculadas en el país. Este estudio exploratorio descriptivo busca determinar si los empresarios conocen las ventajas y desventajas de las SAS, y si las tienen en cuenta en la toma de decisiones. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado a 57 empresas, de las cuales el 84% eran familiares. Se observó un amplio desconocimiento de algunas ventajas y desventajas de la SAS que implica el desaprovechamiento de sus bondades y, en casos puntuales, riesgos para las empresas familiares.

The Simplified Stock Corporations (SAS for its acronym in Spanish) represents the most significant progression of the Colombian corporate system in the last four decades. Since its incorporation, this legal entity accounts for 90% of all registered companies in the country. This descriptive exploratory study aims to determine if employers know the advantages and disadvantages of the SAS, and if they are taken into account in their decision-making. A structured questionnaire was applied to 57 companies, of which 84% were a family business. There was widespread ignorance of some advantages and disadvantages of the SAS, which means the waste of its benefits and, in certain cases, risks to family business.

A Sociedade por Acções Simplificada (SAS) representa a evolução mais significativa do sistema societário colombiano nas últimas 4 décadas. Desde o seu aparecimento representa cerca de 90% do total de sociedades inscritas no país. Este estudo exploratório descritivo procura determinar se os empresários conhecem as vantagens e desvantagens das SAS e se as levam em consideração na tomada de decisões. Aplicou-se um questionário estruturado a 57 empresas, das quais 84% eram familiares. Observou-se um alargado desconhecimento de algumas vantagens e desvantagens das SAS, o que implica o não aproveitamento das suas vantagens e, em casos pontuais, riscos para as empresas familiares.

In the present paper, aluminum chromium nitride (Al-Cr-N) films were deposited onto AISI H13 steel substrates by a reactive d.c magnetron co-sputtering system in an atmosphere of Ar/N2 (90/10) gas mixture from a binary target composed of chromium (99.95%) and aluminum (99.99%). Different powers (40, 50, 60, and 70 W) were applied to the target, in order to study the effect of this parameter and the sputtering yield of binary target, on the microstructure and the electrochemical properties of the Al-Cr-N coatings. The corrosion behavior in 3.5 wt. (%) NaCl solution was investigated by electrochemical corrosion tests (Tafel polarization curves and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)), and the chemical composition, microstructure and the absorption bands by means of Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. EIS results showed that the Al-Cr-N coating deposited at 40 W, exhibited the lower porosity and the highest polarization resistance, and subsequently, when the power applied to the binary target increased, the corrosion rate and the porosity increase.

The objective of this research was to characterize students who choose to study any of the undergraduate degree programs offered by the Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua [Autonomous University of Chihuahua] in terms of the perceived self-efficacy of their academic performance. The sample consisted of 1,187 male college students, with an average age of 18.29 (de=0.76). The approach adopted for the research was quantitative with a survey-type descriptive design. The results show that the profiles of perceived self-efficacy are very similar for students from different fields of study, and that communication-related behaviors represent an area of opportunity for incoming freshmen.

El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en caracterizar a los estudiantes que optan por alguna de las licenciaturas que se ofrecen en la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, en cuanto a la autoeficacia percibida en su desempeño académico. La muestra fue de 1,187 estudiantes varones universitarios, con una edad media de 18.29 años (de=0.76). El abordaje adoptado en la investigación se tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo tipo encuesta. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los perfiles de autoeficacia percibida son muy similares entre los alumnos de las diferentes disciplinas; y que las conductas relacionadas con comunicación representan un área de oportunidad en los alumnos de nuevo ingreso.

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer a definição, classificação e estadiamento e desenvolver recomendações para o diagnóstico e tratamento da alergia ocular, usando o método Delphi de consenso. MÉTODOS: Dez especialistas em alergia ocular da América Latina participaram do painel. Quatro rodadas de questionários foram respondidas pelos painelistas. Consenso foi definido quando houve 2/3 ou mais de concordância. Os aspectos principais avaliados foram: definição, classificação, estadiamento e recomendações para diagnóstico e tratamento da alergia ocular. RESULTADOS: "Alergia Ocular" foi proposto como termo geral para descrever as doenças alérgicas oculares. Consenso sobre classificação não foi atingido. Sinais e sintomas foram considerados extremamente importantes para o diagnóstico. Consenso foi atingido sobre a necessidade de se estabelecer um sistema de estadiamento baseado na gravidade da doença. Controle ambiental e de exposição a alérgenos e o uso de lágrimas artificiais foram considerados tratamento de primeira linha e o uso tópico de anti-histamínicos, estabilizadores de membranas de mastócitos e drogas de ação múltipla, como tratamento de segunda linha. Anti-inflamatórios não hormonais tópicos e vasoconstrictores não foram recomendados. Corticosteroides tópicos foram estabelecidos como terceira linha de tratamento para casos graves de ceratoconjuntivite. Consenso não foi obtido em relação ao uso sistêmico de corticosteróides e imunossupressores. Abordagem cirúrgica e tratamentos não convencionais não foram recomendados de rotina. CONCLUSÃO: O desafio de criar recomendações para diversos aspectos da alergia ocular mostrou-se muito complexo, muitos deles permanencendo ainda controversos. Consensos mais amplos podem ser necessários para melhorar as recomendações atuais referentes a importantes aspectos da alergia ocular.

PURPOSE: To establish current definition, classification and staging, and to develop diagnosis and treatment recommendations for ocular allergy, by using Delphi approach. METHODS: Ten Latin American experts on ocular allergy participated in a 4-round Delphi panel approach. Four surveys were constructed and answered by panelists. A two-thirds majority was defined as consensus. Definition, classification, staging and diagnosis and treatment recommendations were the main outcomes. RESULTS: "Ocular allergy" was proposed as the general term to describe ocular allergic diseases. Consensus regarding classification was not reached. Signs and symptoms were considered extremely important for the diagnosis. It was consensus that a staging system should be proposed based on the disease severity. Environmental control, avoidance of allergens and the use of artificial tears were recommended as first line treatment. The secondary treatment should include topical anti-histamines, mast cell stabilizers and multi actions drugs. Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictors were not recommended. Topical corticosteroids were recommended as third line of treatment for the most severe keratoconjunctivitis. Consensus was not reached regarding the use of systemic corticosteroids or immunosuppressant. Surgical approach and unconventional treatments were not recommended as routine. CONCLUSION: The task of creating guidelines for ocular allergies showed to be very complex. Many controversial topics remain unsolved. A larger consensus including experts from different groups around the world may be needed to further improve the current recommendations for several aspects of ocular allergy.